He pilikia koʻikoʻi ka nele o ka wai hou i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka nohona. Ua hōʻike ʻia he 29% o ka heluna kanaka o ka honua i nele i ka wai inu palekana, a ke piʻi mau nei ka koi no ka wai maʻemaʻe ma muli o ka ulu ʻana o ka heluna kanaka a me nā pilikia kaiapuni. ʻO ka wai maʻemaʻe e pili ana i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe he mea koʻikoʻi loa ia i ka pōʻaiapili o ka puka ʻana o ka maʻi coronavirus (Neocoronavirus pneumonia). Manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻana o ka wai ʻo ia kekahi o nā ʻenehana hoʻohiki maikaʻi loa no ka hana ʻana i ka wai maʻemaʻe mai ke kai a me ka wai ʻino e hoʻohana ana i ka lā ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokomo ikehu. Ke hilinaʻi nui nei ka ʻenehana i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe o ka lā, kahi e hoʻohuli ai i ka ikehu o ka lā i wela e hana ai i ka mahu. No ka loaʻa ʻana o ka nui o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka wai a me ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka wela o ka lā, pono e loaʻa i ka mea kūpono kahi ākea ākea e hoʻohana pono ai i kahi ʻāpana nui o ka spectrum o ka lā, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa e hoʻopau ai i ka wela, a me nā kahawai porous ʻekolu-dimensional (3D) no ka lawe wai kūpono. I kēia manawa, ua hoʻomohala ka poʻe ʻepekema i nā mea photothermal like ʻole e pili ana i ke kalapona (e laʻa, graphene a i ʻole carbon nanotubes), polymers, metala a me nā oxide metala a me kā lākou hybrids, etc.
Ke hooikaika nui nei na kanaka epekema e makaikai a hana i na mea hou i keia mau makahiki i hala iho nei, no laila, e a'o kakou mai kekahi mau puke kumuhana e pili ana i ka holomua o ka noiʻi ma ka hana wai maʻemaʻe photothermal i nā makahiki i hala iho nei.
- Nature Communications: Hoʻoulu ka lau mea kanu i ka mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai ikaika i ka lā
Hilinaʻi nā lau o nā mea kanu vascular maoli i nā ʻokoʻa o ke kaomi osmotic, ka transpiration a me ka excretion e hana i nā tona o ka wai maʻemaʻe, i hoʻoikaika ʻia e ka lā. Hoʻoikaika ʻia e kēia, ua hōʻike nā mea noiʻi ma ka hui ʻo Chun Li ma ke Kulanui ʻo Qinghua i kahi mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe i hoʻokele ʻia e ka lā no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai a me ka hana ʻana. Loaʻa i kēia mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe i hoʻokele ʻia e ka lā kahi poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogel (PN) pane wela maikaʻi ʻole i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma luna o kahi iwi kuamoʻo melamine superhydrophilic a uhi ʻia me kahi membrane kānana graphene (PG) i hoʻololi ʻia e PNIPAm ma waho. Ua hōʻike nā simulations dynamics molecular a me nā hopena hoʻokolohua ua hoʻolalelale nui ke ʻano superhydrophilic o ke iwi kuamoʻo melamine paʻa i ka wikiwiki o ka pehu ʻana/de-swelling o ka mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe PNPG-F. Ma lalo o ka irradiation ikaika like o ka lā, ua hāʻawi kēia ʻano hana i hana pono ʻia i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o 4.2 kg/m2/h a me ka wehe ʻana o ka ion > 99% no kahi PNPG-F hoʻokahi mai kahi hānai brine ma o nā hopena synergistic o ka evaporation a me ka hoʻohui drip. Manaʻo ka mea kākau i nā noi hiki ke hana nui no kēia ʻōnaehana i hoʻokele ʻia e ka lā maikaʻi loa i nā noi mālama wai like ʻole. Ua paʻi ʻia ke aʻo ʻana ma ke ʻano he pepa i kapa ʻia ʻo "Plant leaves inspired sunlight-driven purifier for high-efficiency clean water production" ma ka Nature subjournal Nature communications.
- Nā holomua ʻepekema: ʻO nā ʻupena polymer hydratable kiʻekiʻe o nā hydrogels e hoʻomaʻamaʻa māmā no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai o ka lā.
ʻO ka hoʻoheheʻe wai o ka lā no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai he ʻenehana hoʻohiki no ka hana wai hou. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka mahu o ka lā, e hopena i ka hana haʻahaʻa o ka wai ma lalo o ke ao maoli. No laila, he mea nui e hoʻomohala i nā mea hou e hiki ai ke hōʻemi i ka koi o ka ikehu no ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka wai a me ka wikiwiki i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai o ka lā. Ua hōʻike aku ka hui o Professor Guihua Yu ma Austin, Texas, USA, he hydrogel e hoʻomāmā i ka māmā (h-LAH) i haku ʻia me ka polyvinyl alcohol a me ka chitosan ma ke ʻano he hydration backbone a me ka polypyrrole ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻoheheʻe kukui, hiki ke hoʻohana i ka ikehu liʻiliʻi (<50% o ka nui o ka wai) e hoʻoheheʻe i ka wai. Ua hōʻike ʻia ʻo ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka mana hydration o ka h-LAH hiki ke hoʻololi i ke ʻano o ka wai a hoʻōla hapa i ka wai, a laila e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka wai. Ua hoʻonui ʻo h-LAH i ka hana mahu o ka lā i ka helu helu o ~3.6 kg/m2/h i ka lā 1. Ua hōʻike pū ʻia ka hoʻoheheʻe wai ʻana o ka lā i h-LAH i ka lōʻihi a me nā waiwai antifouling e kūʻē i nā mea haumia ionic paʻakikī. Ua paʻi ʻia ka noiʻi ma kahi pepa i kapa ʻia "Hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia nā lau o ka lā no ka hana wai maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe" ma ka Science subjournal Science Advances.
- ʻO Angew: ʻO nā mea COF me ka superhydrophilicity a me ka hawewe māmā ākea ākea no ka hoʻoheheʻe wai photothermal
ʻO ka hydrophobicity inherent a me ka hoʻoemi māmā ʻana o nā polymers organik porous, ʻoi aku hoʻi ma ka ʻāina kokoke-infrared (NIR), ʻelua bottlenecks e keʻakeʻa ana i kā lākou noi ʻana i ka hana mahu o ka lā (SSG). Ua hoʻomohala nā mea noiʻi ma ka hui o Xiaoli Yan ma Jilin University i kahi covalent organic framework (COF) e pili ana i ka 1,4,5,8 tetrakis (phenylamino) anthracene-9,10-dione (TPAD) (TPAD-COF), kahi i hōʻike ʻia e ka superhydrophilicity a me ka hoʻomālamalama ākea ākea e uhi ana i ka SSG mai ka ʻāpana UV / ʻike ʻia. ʻO TPAD-COF, ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻololi photothermal maikaʻi me ka ʻole o nā mea hoʻohui, e hōʻike ana i ka hoʻoheheʻe wai maikaʻi loa o 1.42 kg/m2/h a loaʻa i kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ikehu o 94% ma lalo o hoʻokahi irradiation ikaika o ka lā. ʻO ka hoʻonui hou ʻana o ka TPAD-based COF light absorption range i hoʻokō ʻia e ka hoʻololi post-synthetic o nā molekole chelated BF2. Hōʻoia nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokele a me ka nānā ʻana i ka hydrophilicity o ka mea hoʻololi photothermal i ke kuleana nui i nā COF i hoʻokumu ʻia ma TPAD i kēia manawa i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka wai photothermal. ʻO ka hana noiʻi, i kapa ʻia ʻo "Superhydrophilic2D Covalent Organic Frameworks as Broadband Absorbers for Efficient Solar Steam Generation," i paʻi ʻia ma ka puke pai honua kiʻekiʻe ʻo Angewise. Ua paʻi ʻia ka hana ma ka puke pai honua kiʻekiʻe ʻo Angew. Kemi. Int. Ed.
- JACS: Hydrophilic-hydrophobic dual-region COF/graphene hydrogel no ka hoʻohemo ʻana i ka wai photothermal
ʻO ka hoʻoheheʻe wai o ka lā he ʻenehana mālama wai hoʻomau e hiki ke kōkua i ka hoʻēmi ʻana i ka nele o ka wai honua. Eia nō naʻe, ke kū nei kēia ʻenehana i nā pilikia nui ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka ikehu a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka evaporation o ka wai. Hōʻike ka pūʻulu o Prof. Arne Thomas ma ke Kulanui ʻOihana o Berlin, Kelemānia, i kahi covalent organic framework (COF)/graphene dual-region hydrogel i loaʻa nā ʻāpana hydrophilic a me ka hydrophobic i hoʻokahi mea ma o kahi hoʻolālā ulu ma kahi maʻalahi. Hoʻopili ka COF hydrophilic i kahi ʻāpana o ka ʻāina graphene hydrophobic. Ma ke kaohi pono ʻana i nā ʻāpana wai ʻelua, hōʻike ka hybrid hydrogel i ka hōʻiliʻili māmā ʻana, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia i ka wai, a me ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka pono o ka ikehu no ka wai. Ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻoheheʻe lā, loaʻa ka hydrogel ʻelua-region i ka nui o ka hana mahu a hiki i 3.69 kg / m2 / h no 1 solar irradiation (1kw / m2), i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mea holomua ʻē aʻe. Eia kekahi, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia hydrogel evaporator e hana i ka wai inu mai ka wai kai a me ka wai, e hōʻike ana i ka hiki o ka mālama wai. Ua paʻi ʻia ka hana noiʻi ma ka puke pai ʻo JACS ma ke ʻano he "A Covalent Organic Framework / Graphene Dual-Region Hydrogel for Enhanced Solar-Driven Water Generation", JACS, kahi puke pai honua kiʻekiʻe.
- Nā holomua ʻepekema: Ka hoʻoheheʻe wai kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka wai lily blade
I kēia mau makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hōʻike ʻia ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka uahu solar interfacial i ka hiki ke hoʻololi i ka ikehu kiʻekiʻe no ka desalination a me ka mālama ʻana i ka wai. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki ke mālama ʻia ka nui o ka evaporation ma muli o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana a i ʻole ka paʻakai i ka lā. Hoʻomaka ʻia ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka piʻi ʻana o ka solute. No ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i kēia pilikia, ua hoʻolālā ka hui o Prof. Jia Zhu ma ke Kulanui o Nanjing, i hoʻoulu ʻia e ke ʻano o nā lau lilia wai, i hoʻolālā i kahi ʻano hana he nui (Water-lily-inspired Hierarchical Structure (WHS) photothermal-vapor conversion device, hiki ke hoʻokō i ka 80% photothermal conversion efficiency i ka wā e mālama ai i ka 10 wt% o ka wai paʻakai nui loa. ʻAʻole emi nui ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka photothermal i ka wā o ka mālama ʻana i ka brine a me ka wai ʻino a hiki i ka pau ʻana o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana (ʻo ia hoʻi, "zero discharge"), a maʻemaʻe ka ʻili i paʻi ʻia ma Science Advance ma lalo o ke poʻo inoa "A Water-lily-inspired Hierarchical Design for Stable and Efficient Solar Evaporation of High Salinity Brine".
- Nano ikehu: Molybdenum disulfide no ka hoʻoheheʻe wai photothermal
Ua hoʻomohala nā kānaka noiʻi ma ka hui o Lifeng Wan ma ka Institute for Frontier Materials o ke Kulanui ʻo Deakin i kahi moʻo o ka disulfide metala hoʻololi a me nā heterostructures nitride waiwai-naikokene no ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka wai o ka lā ma o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka kristal hapa. ʻOi aku ka nui, hōʻike kēia mau heterostructures 2D holomua i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka absorption spectral i ka pae infrared a me ke kūpaʻa kemika maikaʻi loa i nā hopena like ʻole, me ka wai, nā waikawa a me nā kumu. ʻOi aku ka mea nui, ma muli o ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka ikaika o ka absorption spectral a me ka emi ʻana o ka pohō wela, hōʻike ka mea hana wela lā MoS2-Mo5N6/ melamine foam (MF) i ka wikiwiki hoʻoheheʻe kiʻekiʻe (2.31 kg m-2h-1) a me ka pono hoʻololi (106.6%), ʻo ia hoʻi he 1.4 a me 4.7 mau manawa kiʻekiʻe ma mua o nā mea hana lā MoS2/MF a me MF/wai. Hāʻawi kēia hana i kahi moʻo o nā heterostructures nitride waiwai-naikokene 2D-2D holomua me ka hana photothermal maikaʻi loa no ka hana wai lā. Ua paʻi ʻia kēia hana ma Nano energy, kahi puke pai honua kiʻekiʻe, ʻo "Advanced 2D-2D heterostructures of transition metal dichalcogenides and nitrogen-rich nitrides for solar water generation".
Solar photothermal wai evaporation 'enehana i manaoia e hooponopono i ka global shortage o ka wai maʻemaʻe, ka mea e pono e hoʻoholo 'ia i kēia manawa ka haʻahaʻa-kumu hoʻomākaukau o photothermal mea, kiʻekiʻe-efficiency hana, e like me ka paʻa a me ka portability o ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka pono noi kaiapuni, e kakali ana i mua i nā hualoaʻa i ka wā e hiki mai no ka pono mua o na kanaka a pau!
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